Fluid-actuated motor



L. C. BAYLES.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR. APPucATLoN FILED FEBx 21, 1920.

Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

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L. C. BAYLES.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED FEB, 21. 1920.

1,395,082. Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

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LEWIS C. BYLES, 0F EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOE TO INGERSOLIr-RAND COM- PANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

FLUID-ACTUATED MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 25,1921.

Application filed February 21, 1920. Serial No. 360,309.

s To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, Lnwis C. BAYLns, a citizen of the United States, residing at Easton, in the county of Northampton and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Fluid- Actuated Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a fluid actuated reciprocating motor but more particularly to a motor of that class applicable to a percus sive tool of the hammer drill type, in which a hammer is reciprocated by fluid pressure, the fluid pressure being distributed to and exhausted from the pressure chambers by means of a valve.

The objects of the present invention are to provide a tool of the hammer drilltype with a form of valve which will be eiiicient, compact, readily assembled and one which will take up a minimum of space and will extend a minimum distance laterally outward from the sides of the drill.

A further object of the invention is to provide a valve mechanism for the above described type of tool which may be readily manufactured from bars of rectangular steel `and which may be finished by milling and grinding their flat surfaces.

With these and other objects in view my invention consists inthe features of construction and operation set forth in the following specification: l

In the drawings annexed hereto and forming a part hereof:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal view in section of the complete tool provided with the preslent form of valve, the hammer and valve structure being shown in one operative position.

Fig. 2, a view similar to Fig. 1 with the hammer and valve shown in a dierent operative' position.

Fig. 3, a perspective view of the `cover plate forming a part of the valve caging.

Fig. 4, the valve structure shown in perspective.

Fig. 5, a similar view of the valve caging.

Fig. 6, a view of a portion of the cylinder showing the valve seat and the admission and exhaust port-s of the valve.

Referring now more particularly to the figures of the drawing, the cylinder of the drill is shown at 1, which may loe-of any con- `a head 3 and a forwardly extending shank 4 which is fluted as shown at 5 at its forward end. A rifle bar 6 extends into a hole provided in the head end of the hammer and is rotatably mounted in a member V13. The forward end of the cylinder 1 is closed by a bushing 7 and front head 8 within which operates the rotating sleeve 9. Rotating sleeve 9 is provided with the usual flutes 10 engaging the flutes 5 on the piston extension or shank 4. A drill steel 11 extends into the rotating sleeve 9 and is struck by the forward `end of the piston shank 4 at the end of its forward stroke. j

These parts are usual and common in the type of drill to which this invention relates and may be modified considerably without affecting or Vlimiting the scope of the present invention.

The rear end of the cylinder is closed by a backhead V12 through which passes the rilie bar 6. In the rear of the member 13 a handle 14 is mounted whereby the tool may be conveniently handled. Extending from the handle 14 to the forward end of chuck 8 are side rods, the head of one of which appears at 15, whereby the parts above described may be held rigidly together.

Conveniently located on the tool, preferably, but not necessarily, at one side of the cylinder 1 a surface 2O is provided which may be easily and accurately ground to a plane' surface. Extending from this surface 2O to the bore 21 of cylinder 1 are admissionports 22 and 220 located near the ends of the bore 21 and intermediate these ports and a short distance on either side of the central point of this bore 21 are Vexhaust ports 23 and 230. Adjoining the admission ports 22 and 220 are iiuid conduit passages or supply ports 24 and 240 which are in are in communication with transverse openings 27 and 270 which are openedv to atmosphere at one side of the drill. Y

In addition to the above mentioned exhaust ports 23 and 230 a central exhaust port 40 may be provided to exhaust the major portion of the fluid at the end 0f each stroke of the piston 2.

Rigidly mounted on surface 2O is a valve caging 30 and cover plate 31. These members are held in place by cap screws 32 or any other well known fastening means to secure perfectly iiuid tight joints.

Referring now to Fig. 5 for a clearer view of the valve caging 30 this, it will be seen, comprises a flat rectangular member having squared openings forming valve chambers cut out on either side of its center and extending completely through the valve caging. These are shown clearly in Fig. 5 at 33. Betweenthe openings 33 in the valve caging 30 is a hole 34 connecting the two openings 33. Y

The valves are preferably in the form of plate valves adapted to operate within the openings 33 and are shown clearly at 35 in Fig. 4. These comprise two rectangular blocks having their corners cut away for a purpose presently to be described. rIhe two valves are symmetrical and interchangeable in every respect and are independent of each other. A spacing member 36 which may or may not be connected to the valves, extends through hole 34 and engages their adjacent edges, if a separate piece, to lhold them at a given distance apart. The spacing member 36 slides easily in the hole 34 of the valve caging 30, and is of such length that it spaces the two valves properly apart. The valves maybe formed with the holes 350 to reduce their weight. Cover plate 31 is adapted to be rigidly mounted on the valve caging 30 in fluid tight relation thereto and completely incloses the valves 35 within their openings 33. The valves 35 are ground accurately to a thickness slightly less than the thickness of the valve caging, so that they may slide readily longitudinally of the cylinder within theopenings 33. Cover plate 31 may also be provided with auxiliary atmospheric ports 42 and 43 communicating with port 45, or these may take the place of atmospheric ports 26 and 260 provided in the cylinder. These auxiliary atmospheric ports 42 and 43 are located exactly opposite the atmospheric ports 260 and 26 and operate in the same manner. They may be provided in the cover plate 31 for the purpose of avoiding too numerous ports and conduits vin the cylinder 1. The function of the yports 42 and 43 is to afford additional freedom of exhaust and supplement the ports 26 and 260.

In operation and with the hammer in the position shown in Fig. 1, valves 35 are in their rearmost position and the hammer 2 has just started on its rearward stroke. Fluid is admitted through orifice 25 ,to the supply port 24 and passes by the forward edge of the forward valve 35 through forward admission port 22 into the forward end of the bore 21. The forward valve 35 during this operation is held in its rearmost position by fluid pressure upon its forward face. As soon as the hammer 2 has proceeded a predetermined part of its stroke forward exhaust port 23 is opened thus allowing pressure tobe exerted on the rearward face of the forward valve 35 thus partially balancing fluid pressure upon its forward face and as soon as the hammer 2 has been forced to the position shown in Fig. 2, the rear exhaust port 230 has been closed, thus building up the fluid cushion in the rear of the head 3 of hammer 2. This exerts pressure against the rearward face of the rearward valve 35, thus forcing it to its forward position as shown in Fig. 2. With the valve in this forward position, fluid is admitted from the rearward supply port 24() to the rearward admission port 220, thus forcing the hammer forwardly when the above cycle of operation is completed.

The valve mechanism forming the subject of this application is applicable to a machine operated by compressed air, steam or other motive liuid and having a cylinder and a piston reciprocating therein. In the preferred form the admission ports 22 and 220 preferably enter the cylinder as shown near the limits of the piston travel while the exhaust ports 23 and 230V are located nearer the middle of the cylinder than the said admission ports and these admission and exhaust ports form pairs of ports at Veach side of the central portion of the cylinder. The supply ports 24 and 240 and the atmospheric ports 26 and 260 are located in pairs between the said pair of admission and exhaust ports and a plate Vvalve 35 opens and closes each pair of said supply and atmospheric ports to supply and exhaust motive fluid from each end of the cylinder. The organization of ports is such that means are provided for forcing either plate valve' 35 to the outer end of its travel as the other moves to the inner end of its travel.

When I say that certain pairs of supply and atmospheric ports are located between certain pairs of admission and exhaust ports, I means that they are closer together than the said admission and exhaust ports, because obviously the atmospheric ports may be on either side of the plate valves and yet be substantially between the said pairs of ports. It isto be noted in connection with the operation of the tool that the admission ports 22 and 220 and the exhaust ports 23 and 230 are not overrun by the valves 35, while the supply ports 24 and 240 and the atmospheric ports 26 and 260 are overrun and closed by the valves.

What I claim is: l

l. A fluid actuated reciprocating motor comprising a cylinder and piston operating therein, said cylinder being provided With admission ports communicating With the cylinder near the limits of the piston travel and exhaust ports leading from the cylinder nearer the central portion of the cylinder, separate plate valves for controlling the admission and exhaust ports for each end of the cylinder, a valve caging consisting of a fiat plate of substantially the same thickness as the valves and having tvvo rectangular openings extending through it from face to face, the valves litting said openings in one direction but the openings being of suiiicient length in the other direction to permit longitudinal movement of said valves, a flat cover plate over the valve caging to close the top of said rectangular openings, and means extending through an opening in a central section of the valve caging between the rectangular openings for keeping the valves separated by the length of said spacing means.

2. A fluid actuated reciprocating motor comprising a cylinder and piston operating therein, said cylinder being provided With admission ports communicating With the cylinder near the limits of the piston travel and exhaust ports leading from the cylinder nearer the central portion of the cylinder, separate plate valves for controlling the admission and exhaust ports for each end of the cylinder, a valve caging consisting of a flat plate of substantially the same thickness as the valves and having tWo rectangular openings extending through it from face to face, the 'valves litting said through an opening in a section of the valve caging between the rectangular openings and engaging said valves in order to keep them separated by the length of said spacing member.

In a fluid actuated reciprocating motor, the combination of a cylinder, a piston and a distributing valve mechanism comprising separate plate valves :tor controlling the distribution of motive fluid to and from each end of the cylinder, a valve caging consisting of a at plate of substantially the same thickness as the valves and having tvvo rectangular openings extending through it from Jface to tace, said valve fitting the openings in one direction, but the openings being of suliicient length in the other direction to permit longitudinal movement of said valves, a flat cover plate over the valve caging to close the top of said rectangular openings and means for spacing said valves from one another.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto t hc l. Se my (mc LEWIS C. BAY'LES. 

